In Spanish, a noun is always feminine or masculine and is usually introduced by a determiner, which indicates the gender of the noun.
People
When a noun refers to a person, the gender is usually determined by the person’s sex. In general, the feminine form of a noun is formed by using an –a ending.
Masculine | Feminine |
---|---|
el camarero | la camarera |
el amigo | la amiga |
el doctor | la doctora |
el presidente | la presidenta |
There are cases when the feminine form of the noun changes more drastically.
Masculine | Feminine |
---|---|
el actor | la actriz |
el poeta | la poetisa |
el padre | la madre |
One learns to be a dad or mom while one goes. Aunque era hembra, yo tenía que hacer los trabajos del varón.
Even though I was a female, I had to do the work of a male.
Sometimes, the masculine form and the feminine form of a noun are identical, such as most nouns featuring -ista and -ante endings. Only the determiner or the context indicates if it is a feminine or masculine noun.
Masculine | Feminine |
---|---|
el estudiante | la estudiante |
el periodista | la periodista |
el artista | la artista |
My mom worked as an international correspondent journalist.
Animals
The gender of animals is often arbitrary. Most animals are assigned one set gender: some are masculine (el leopardo the leopard, el murciélago the bat) and others feminine (la hormiga the ant, la oveja the sheep). However, some animals have different masculine and feminine forms, a few of those are irregular.
Masculine | Feminine |
---|---|
el perro | la perra |
el gato | la gata |
el gallo | la gallina |
el buey/toro | la vaca |
I ended up with a pet, not a dog, not a cat, no, a penguin. Pude trabajar con niños y con animales al mismo tiempo pero no animales que encuentras en cualquier lado. O sea con ballenas, con delfines, con pájaros exóticos.
I could work with kids and animals at the same time but no animales that you find anywhere but with whales, dolphins, exotic birds.
Objects and Ideas
The gender of nouns referring to things and abstractions is arbitrary. However, it can often be inferred from the ending of the word. Typically, words ending in -aje, -mento, -miento, -ismo are masculine and those ending in -ción, -sión, -ad, -ancia, -encia, -eza, -ía, -ia, -ura are feminine.
Masculine Endings
-aje
Es el lenguaje que uso para comunicarme.It is the language that I use to communicate.
–mento
No podíamos comprar medicamentos para tener en la casa.We couldn’t buy medicine to have in the house.
–miento
Tengo sentimientos mezclados en ese aspecto.I have mixed feelings in that regard. Me gustó el periodismo, pero me gustó más la mercadotecnia.
I liked journalism but I liked marketing more.
Feminine Endings
–ción
Entonces ella escuchaba las canciones de los Beatles.So she listened to songs by the Beatles.
-sión
Eso es una expresión que sé que la usamos mucho aquí.That is an expression that I know we use a lot here.
-ad
The opportunity to learn music was enormous for me.
-eza
Mi madre vendía artículos de belleza.My mother used to sell beauty products.
-encia
Pasé pues toda mi niñez y adolescencia en Ciudad Juárez.I spent my whole childhood and adolesence in Ciudad Juarez.