Por and para are very common prepositions and have a lot of different functions and meanings. Unfortunately, they are often confused because they can each be translated as for.
Por
This preposition can be a little bit problematic for a learner because it has many different uses. It can be used to:
Express Gratitude or Apology
Muchas gracias por la entrevista.
Thanks a lot for the interview.
Talk about Multiplication and Division
Dos por dos son cuatro. Two times two equals four.
Express Velocity, Frequency and Proportion
Antes íbamos como dos veces por semana.
Before we used to go approximately twice per week.
Indicate Location or Movement Meaning “Through,” “Along,” “By” or “In the Area of”
Sus máquinas están por todo el mundo.
His machines are used across the world.
Talk about Exchange, Including Sales
Mi papá por ochocientos dólares se compró ese terrenito.
My dad bought that land for 800 dollars.
Mean “On Behalf of,” or “In Favor of,”
Express a Length of Time, Duration
Yo me quedé con mi suegra por cinco años.
I have been living with my mother in law for five years.
Express an Undetermined, or General Time, Meaning “During”
Talk about Means of Communication or Transportation
Show the Reason for an Errand (with ir, venir, pasar, mandar, volver, and preguntar)
Paso por ti a las ocho.I will come by for you at eight o’clock.
Express Cause or Reason
Introduce the Agent in Passive Constructions
El libro fue escrito por Octavio Paz. The book was written by Octavio Paz.
Por also appears in many idiomatic expressions:
- por adelantado in advance
- por ahora for now
- por allí around there; that way
- por amor de Dios for the love of God
- por aquí around here; this way
- por casualidad by chance
- por ciento percent
- por cierto certainly, talking of
- por completo completely
- por dentro inside
- por desgracia unfortunately
- por ejemplo for example
- por eso therefore
- por favor please
- por fin finally
- por lo general generally
- por lo visto apparently
- por medio de by means of
- por lo menos at least
- por lo tanto consequently
- por mi parte as for me
- por ningún lado nowhere
- por otra parte on the other hand
- palabra por palabra word for word
- por primera vez for the first time
- por separado separately
- por supuesto of course
- por suerte fortunately
- por todas partes everywhere
- por todos lados on all sides
- por último finally
I consider myself as 100 percent Mexican.
Para
This preposition has many different uses. It can be used to:
Indicate Destination
Show the Use or Purpose of a Thing
Express Purpose, Objective, Aim, or Goal
Indicate a Recipient
Express a Deadline or Specific Time
Necesito el vestido para el lunes.I need the dress by Monday.
Express a Contrast from What is Expected
Para un niño lee muy bien. For a child, he reads very well.
Meaning Changes
It is very important to learn to use these two prepositions correctly, because if substituting one for the other, the final meaning can be dramatically different. Check the two examples:
Juan compró el regalo para María. Juan bought the gift for Maria (he bought it to give to her).
Juan compró el regalo por María. Juan bought the gift for Maria (he bought it because she could not).
Por and para can also be used in questions.
¿Por qué? means Why? (for what reason?)
¿Por qué estudias español? For what reason do you study Spanish?
Porque es un requisito. Because it’s required.
¿Para qué? means Why? (for what purpose?)
¿Para qué estudias español?For what purpose do you study Spanish?
Para ser profesor de español. In order to become a Spanish teacher.